Oxytocin
Information from Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th Edition, by Donald C. Plumb:
Oxytocin is used for induction or enhancement of uterine contractions at parturition, treatment of postpartum retained placenta and metritis, uterine involution after manual correction of prolapsed uterus, and to treat agalactia.
Contraindications: Oxytocin is contraindicated in cases of dystocia due to abnormal fetal presentation, unless correction is made. It is also contraindicated in cases with significant cephalopelvic disproportion, obstretical emergencies warranting surgical intervention, severe toxemia, or when vaginal delivery would be contraindicated. When used prepartum, oxytocin should be used only when the cervix is relaxed naturally, or relaxed by prior administration of estrogen. It is also contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to it. Before using oxytocin, correct hypoglycemia or hypocalcemia, if present.
Adverse Effects: When used appropriately at reasonable dosages, significant adverse reactions are rare. Hypersensitivity reactions are a possibility. Repeated or bolus injections may cause uterine cramping or discomfort. Effects of overdosage on the uterus depend on the stage of the uterus and the position of the fetus(es). Hypertonic or tetanic contractions can lead to tumultuous labor, uterine rupture, fetal injury, or death. Water intoxication can occur if large doses are infused for a long period, especially if large volumes of electrolyte-free IV fluids are administered concomitantly. Early clinical signs can include listlessness and depression, progressing to coma, seizures, and eventual death. If given in early pregnancy, oxytocin may cause spontaneous or induced abortions. Oxytocin may be present in small quantities in maternal milk, but is unlikely to have significant effects.
The following drugs may interact with oxytocin: thiopental, vasoconstrictors.
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